KUALA LUMPUR, Nov 21 - Not too many years ago, Malaysians would look over their shoulders before daring to whisper criticism of the country's "social contract", or Malay rights.
But today, these are openly debated, with the minority communities no longer holding back, and the boundaries of discussion being pushed further and further.
The status quo has been upended, and there is a strong sense of uncertainty as the three major communities grope for a new equilibrium.
A Malay writer on Malay/Muslim issues told The Straits Times that many Malays are uneasy as they try to come to terms with the reality that non-Malays are no longer suppressing their thoughts and feelings.
"It is not just anger they feel, it is fear now that our status quo is being challenged," she said.
But observers note that while the Malay sentiment is strong, they are hampered by the absence of a strong intellectual Malay voice to articulate their position. Many Malay intellectuals have, in fact, lent their voices to the more liberal view, leaving the debate with unequal firepower.
The sense of Malay frustration was captured by Foreign Minister Rais Yatim when he pointed out last week that while Umno had punished a grassroots leader for calling the Chinese squatters, those who humiliated the Malays were standing tall and laughing.
Home Minister Syed Hamid Albar said in a recent interview with Utusan Malaysia that when others spoke up, people described it as the voice of the people - but when the Malays spoke, it was seen as excessive.
"All actions taken by the Malays are regarded as excessive, hurtful and racist, while the actions of others, even though communal in tone, are not," he said.
It's not clear if they are speaking for the majority of the Malays, but a recent independent survey does show unhappiness among Malays to some extent.
According to Merdeka Centre's survey in September, 36 per cent of Malay respondents said that Penang Umno leader Ahmad Ismail's controversial comment that the Chinese were squatters was "appropriate".
Fifty-eight per cent said it was not.
Take the non-Malay view: 97 per cent of Indians and 90 per cent of Chinese said it was inappropriate.
The results are an indication of ambivalence among Malays over a racial issue that non-Malays regard as obviously wrong.
It is not difficult to trace the start of this racial debate, which was partly born out of a sense of insecurity after Malay political power seemed to have weakened after the March 8 general election, in which the opposition won big on a multiracial platform.
But it actually had an earlier start: When Umno unrolled a stronger push for pro-Malay economic policies. This provoked a backlash from the minorities, and as a result, retaliation by the majority community.
The country's "social contract" - a gentlemen's agreement among the founding fathers to guarantee a special position for the Malays - has also been dragged in.
It is no secret that many Malays feel aggrieved that non-Malays appear to be making more and more demands, and seem to be breaking their end of the bargain that had long kept the country on an even keel.
They feel under siege, and are more aggrieved that their responses are seen as racist diatribes. Further, many Malay intellectuals in the public eye and writers have taken the side of what has been described as "new Malaysia".
They include prominent constitutional expert Malik Imtiaz Sarwar, lawyer Haris Ibrahim and academics such as Dr Farish Noor, who is based in Singapore, and Associate Professor Azmi Shahrom from the University of Malaya's Law Faculty.
Former premier Dr Mahathir Mohamad regards them as being in the minority. In a recent entry in his popular blog, he said the views of the young Malays may "sound refreshing", but maintained that they were in the minority.
"The majority of the Malay professionals and young Malays have hardened their stand on the position of their race since the disaster of 2008," he wrote.
Observers have noted that Dr Mahathir is probably one of the more sober voices on this side of the fence.
Former News Straits Times editor A. Kadir Jasin wrote in his blog that the problem is that Malays seem to be unable to articulate proper arguments to defend their position and rights.
Both have warned that the an increasingly strident debate is taking Malaysia down a divisive path.
"'I emboldened myself to give a warning of the possibility (I repeat possibility) of the 'fringe Malays' who may be violent if they feel that the rights of the Malays are threatened and disputed on racial grounds," Kadir wrote on Tuesday.
Dr Mahathir also said that racist sentiments were rising, and could affect the country's stability through political wrangling that would in turn damage its economy.
"This slide must be stopped. No one should disregard the obligation to uphold the social contract," he said.
This may be scare-mongering, but what seems likely is that Umno or Barisan Nasional could paint itself into a position that will make it increasingly hard for it to regain support.
About 65 per cent of Malaysians now live in urban centres, and the Election Commission estimated recently that another two million new and young voters could be added to the rolls by the next election. Young urbanites are natural opposition supporters.
The racial rhetoric is not going to end as the door to debate is not easy to slam shut once it is opened, but its path could be better directed. - The Straits Times
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Why the Malays feel threatened is because they have been left in the dark by the many years of BN rule that have made them feel that any disagreement by non Malays are seen as a threat to their security. Have the non Malays ever questioned the 5% to 7% discount given for the purchase of houses by Bumiputras when some of them are millionaires? Have the non Malays asked that the special trust funds (Amanah Sahams) that pays more 7&#xpa; be taken away from Malays ( and Bumiputras)when banks are paying a dismal 3&#xpa; on annual fixed deposits? Despite all the hue and cry by non Malays on meritocracy, have the non Malays pressed for and fought vehemently when scholarships are given to rich Malays?, in fact they have only made feeble appeals to the Public Services Department.
Just based on these issues, we as Malaysians have been very accomodative and understanding and the current government ruled by Umno have found it fit to play the racial card and say that the rights of Malays are threatened when the non Malays are just seeking for basic human rights (eg tearing down of Hindu temples without proper regard to the Indian community, Christian church in Shah Alam given the run around for more than 8 years before it can be built, brandishing of the Keris at the Umno Assembly without scant regard of the sensitivities of the other races, etc etc).
Now is the time of healing and UMNO can take the lead by discussing with its non Malay partners how to have a prosperous nation going forward with all races making a strong contribution. Already many intellectuals (including Malays who are against the perceived racial and corrupt practices in this country) are leaving our shores and if one were to examine the cabinet members of our neighbour down south, many were born in Malaysia, thrived in their education overseas and lured to work down south where they proved themselves in an extremely difficult and competitive environment. Malaysia could have benefited from these citizens but have failed to do so. This is a lost opportunity.
If UMNO continue its rhetoric on race issues, there is only one way for this country to go, that is DOWN. That is the fear of all even minded citizens who only want to see a good and prosperous Malaysia going forward.